comp.lang.python - 25 new messages in 9 topics - digest

comp.lang.python
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python?hl=en

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Today's topics:

* netcdf4-python - 2 messages, 2 authors
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/7a9c19811a6e148a?hl=en
* if not global -- then what? - 2 messages, 2 authors
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/ebff6ff1d0e85415?hl=en
* Efficient way to break up a list into two pieces - 6 messages, 5 authors
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/67fbbfeadbce5b05?hl=en
* The future of "frozen" types as the number of CPU cores increases - 3
messages, 3 authors
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/7ef75c20d1be370d?hl=en
* Is there a way to continue after an exception ? - 3 messages, 3 authors
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/fb2935470a8055cf?hl=en
* lists of variables - 6 messages, 6 authors
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/2d2d019695d2e6b2?hl=en
* instructor's solutions manual for Differential Equations & Linear Algebra 3
rd ed by C. Henry Edwards & David E. Penney - 1 messages, 1 author
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/9eab6f5c8d7c8926?hl=en
* Not sure why this is filling my sys memory - 1 messages, 1 author
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/dc9841fd916a9ebe?hl=en
* come and join www.pakdub.com a social network with full features like games,
classifieds, forums, blogs and a lot more - 1 messages, 1 author
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/df20d96ac6449045?hl=en

==============================================================================
TOPIC: netcdf4-python
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/7a9c19811a6e148a?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 2 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 5:47 pm
From: deadpickle

I'm trying to use the python module "netcdf4-python" to read a netcdf
file. So far I'm trying to do the basics and just open the script:

from netCDF4 import Dataset
rootgrp = Dataset('20060402-201025.netcdf', 'r',
format='NETCDF3_CLASSIC')
print rootgrp.file_format
rootgrp.close()

when I do this I get the exit code error (when I run in Scite):

>pythonw -u "netcdf_test.py"
>Exit code: -1073741819
or Python stops responding (in windows cmd).

I'm not sure what is wrong so if anyone as any ideas I would gladly
send you the netcdf file to try. Thanks.

== 2 of 2 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 7:21 pm
From: Matt Newville

On Feb 20, 7:47 pm, deadpickle <deadpic...@gmail.com> wrote:
> I'm trying to use the python module "netcdf4-python" to read a netcdf
> file. So far I'm trying to do the basics and just open the script:
>
> from netCDF4 import Dataset
> rootgrp = Dataset('20060402-201025.netcdf', 'r',
> format='NETCDF3_CLASSIC')
> print rootgrp.file_format
> rootgrp.close()
>
> when I do this I get the exit code error (when I run in Scite):
>
> >pythonw -u "netcdf_test.py"
> >Exit code: -1073741819
>
>  or Python stops responding (in windows cmd).
>
> I'm not sure what is wrong so if anyone as any ideas I would gladly
> send you the netcdf file to try. Thanks.

If the file is really of NetCDF3 format, scipy.io.netcdf should work.
Replace
netCDF4.Dataset(filename,'r',format='NETCDF3_CLASSIC')
with
scipy.io.netcdf.netcdf_open(filename,'r')

--Matt Newville

==============================================================================
TOPIC: if not global -- then what?
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/ebff6ff1d0e85415?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 2 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 5:53 pm
From: Steven D'Aprano

On Sat, 20 Feb 2010 17:34:15 -0800, Jonathan Gardner wrote:

> In terms of "global", you should only really use "global" when you are
> need to assign to a lexically scoped variable that is shared among other
> functions. For instance:
>
> def foo():
> i = 0
> def inc(): global i; i+=1
> def dec(): global i; i-=1
> def get(): return i
> return (inc, dec, get)

That doesn't do what you think it does:

>>> def foo():
... i = 0
... def inc(): global i; i+=1
... def dec(): global i; i-=1
... def get(): return i
... return (inc, dec, get)
...
>>> inc = foo()[0]
>>> inc()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "<stdin>", line 3, in inc
NameError: global name 'i' is not defined

The problem is that i is not global. Inside the inc and dec functions,
you need to declare i nonlocal, not global, and that only works in Python
3 or better.

--
Steven

== 2 of 2 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 9:42 pm
From: Jonathan Gardner

On Sat, Feb 20, 2010 at 5:53 PM, Steven D'Aprano
<steve@remove-this-cybersource.com.au> wrote:
> On Sat, 20 Feb 2010 17:34:15 -0800, Jonathan Gardner wrote:
>> In terms of "global", you should only really use "global" when you are
>> need to assign to a lexically scoped variable that is shared among other
>> functions. For instance:
>>
>> def foo():
>>     i = 0
>>     def inc(): global i; i+=1
>>     def dec(): global i; i-=1
>>     def get(): return i
>>     return (inc, dec, get)
>
> That doesn't do what you think it does:
>
>
>>>> def foo():
> ...     i = 0
> ...     def inc(): global i; i+=1
> ...     def dec(): global i; i-=1
> ...     def get(): return i
> ...     return (inc, dec, get)
> ...
>>>> inc = foo()[0]
>>>> inc()
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
>  File "<stdin>", line 3, in inc
> NameError: global name 'i' is not defined
>
>
> The problem is that i is not global. Inside the inc and dec functions,
> you need to declare i nonlocal, not global, and that only works in Python
> 3 or better.
>

Oops. :-(

--
Jonathan Gardner
jgardner@jonathangardner.net

==============================================================================
TOPIC: Efficient way to break up a list into two pieces
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/67fbbfeadbce5b05?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 6 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 5:55 pm
From: marwie

On 21 Feb., 02:30, Steven D'Aprano <st...@REMOVE-THIS-
cybersource.com.au> wrote:
> Python lists are arrays of pointers to objects, so copying a slice is
> fast: it doesn't have to copy the objects, just pointers. Deleting from
> the end of the list is also quick, because you don't have to move memory,
> just clear some pointers and change the length field.
>
> Splitting such an array without copying data is, essentially, impossible.
> Python lists aren't linked lists.

Well, to split a C array I would simply set l2 to point to l1[10] and
then
change the length of l1 (which I store somewhere else). No copying of
elements
needed. I would have assumed that python can do something like this
with its
internal arrays of pointers, too.

Anyway, this was more a question about coding style. I use
l1.extend(l2) or
l1 += l2 rather than l1 = l1 + l2 because it's as readable and
possibly faster.
I was simply wondering if something similar exists for splitting
lists.

== 2 of 6 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 7:00 pm
From: marwie

On 21 Feb., 02:41, Steven D'Aprano <st...@REMOVE-THIS-
cybersource.com.au> wrote:
> What the OP is doing is quite different:
>
> (1) copy l1[:10]
> (2) assign the name l2 to it
> (3) resize l1 in place to the first 10 items.
>
> What the OP wants is:
>
> (1) assign the name l2 to l1[:10] without copying
> (2) resize l1 in place to the first 10 items without affecting l2.

Assuming you meant l1[10:] instead of l1[:10], that's what I wanted,
yes.

== 3 of 6 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 7:40 pm
From: Steven D'Aprano

On Sat, 20 Feb 2010 17:55:18 -0800, marwie wrote:

> On 21 Feb., 02:30, Steven D'Aprano <st...@REMOVE-THIS-
> cybersource.com.au> wrote:
>> Python lists are arrays of pointers to objects, so copying a slice is
>> fast: it doesn't have to copy the objects, just pointers. Deleting from
>> the end of the list is also quick, because you don't have to move
>> memory, just clear some pointers and change the length field.
>>
>> Splitting such an array without copying data is, essentially,
>> impossible. Python lists aren't linked lists.
>
> Well, to split a C array I would simply set l2 to point to l1[10] and
> then change the length of l1 (which I store somewhere else). No copying
> of elements needed. I would have assumed that python can do something
> like this with its internal arrays of pointers, too.

Python lists aren't C arrays either.

Python lists are *objects*. Everything in Python is an object.
Consequently, Python lists have a header, which includes the len. You
don't store the length somewhere else, you store it in the object: this
makes for less complexity. You can't just point l2 at an arbitrary index
in an array and expect it to work, it needs a header.

Additionally, Python lists are over-allocated so that appends are fast. A
list of (say) 1000 items might be over-allocated to (say) 1024 items, so
that you can do 24 appends before the array is full and the array needs
to be resized. This means that, on average, Python list appending is O(1)
instead of O(N). You can't just change the length blindly, you need to
worry about the over-allocation.

I'm sympathetic to your concern: I've often felt offended that doing
something like this:

x = SomeReallyBigListOrString
for item in x[1:]:
process(item)

has to copy the entire list or string (less the first item). But
honestly, I've never found a situation where it actually mattered.

> Anyway, this was more a question about coding style. I use l1.extend(l2)
> or l1 += l2 rather than l1 = l1 + l2 because it's as readable and
> possibly faster.

I really, really hate augmented assignment for everything other than ints
and floats because you can't predict what it will do. Take this for
example:

>>> mylist = [1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> same_again = mylist
>>> mylist.append(5)
>>> same_again
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

mylist and same_again are the same object, so append and extend behave
predictably and simply. So is simple too:

>>> mylist = mylist + [-1, -2, -3]
>>> mylist
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, -1, -2, -3]
>>> same_again
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Because you have re-bound the name mylist to a new list, same_again
doesn't get modified. Nice.

But what about mylist += something else? Is it an in-place modification,
like extend and append, or a rebinding, like +? Who can remember? The
answer will depend on whether mylist is a builtin list, or a subclass.

And then there's this mystery:

>>> mylist = [1, 2, 3]
>>> mytuple = (mylist, None)
>>> mytuple[0] += [4]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
>>> mylist
[1, 2, 3, 4]

So in fact, += is *always* a rebinding, but *sometimes* it is an in-place
modification as well. Yuck.

--
Steven

== 4 of 6 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 8:37 pm
From: MRAB

Steven D'Aprano wrote:
[snip]
> I'm sympathetic to your concern: I've often felt offended that doing
> something like this:
>
> x = SomeReallyBigListOrString
> for item in x[1:]:
> process(item)
>
> has to copy the entire list or string (less the first item). But
> honestly, I've never found a situation where it actually mattered.
>
[snip]
Could lists gain an .items() method with start and end positions? I was
thinking that it would be a 'view', like with dicts in Python 3. Of
course, that would only be worthwhile with very long lists:

x = SomeReallyBigListOrString
for item in x.items(1):
process(item)

== 5 of 6 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 9:21 pm
From: Jonathan Gardner

On Sat, Feb 20, 2010 at 5:41 PM, Steven D'Aprano
<steve@remove-this-cybersource.com.au> wrote:
>
> What the OP wants is:
>
> (1) assign the name l2 to l1[:10] without copying
> (2) resize l1 in place to the first 10 items without affecting l2.
>

For ten items, though, is it really faster to muck around with array
lengths than just copying the data over? Array copies are extremely
fast on modern processors.

Programmer time and processor time being what it is, I still think my
answer is the correct one. No, it's not what he says he wants, but it
is what he needs.

--
Jonathan Gardner
jgardner@jonathangardner.net

== 6 of 6 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 10:38 pm
From: Carl Banks

On Feb 20, 4:55 pm, marwie <mar...@gmx.de> wrote:
> Hello,
>
> I recently read about augmented assignments and that (with l1, l2
> being lists)
>
>     l1.extend(l2)
>
> is more efficient than
>
>     l1 = l1 + l2
>
> because unnecessary copy operations can be avoided. Now my question is
> if there's a similar thing for breaking a list into two parts. Let's
> say I want to remove from l1 everything from and including position 10
> and store it in l2. Then I can write
>
>     l2 = l1[10:]
>     del l1[10:]
>
> But since I'm assigning a slice the elements will be copied.

That's about the best you can do with Python lists.

> Basically, I'm looking for something like l1.pop(10,len(l1)) which
> returns and removes a whole chunk of data. Is there such a thing (and
> if not, why not?)

Numpy arrays can share underlying data like that when you take
slices. For instance, this probably works the way you want:

a = numpy.array([1,2,3,4,5,6])
b = a[:3]
c = a[3:]

None of the actual data was copied here.

Carl Banks

==============================================================================
TOPIC: The future of "frozen" types as the number of CPU cores increases
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/7ef75c20d1be370d?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 3 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 6:00 pm
From: "sjdevnull@yahoo.com"

On Feb 18, 2:58 pm, John Nagle <na...@animats.com> wrote:
>     Multiple processes are not the answer.  That means loading multiple
> copies of the same code into different areas of memory.  The cache
> miss rate goes up accordingly.

A decent OS will use copy-on-write with forked processes, which should
carry through to the cache for the code.

== 2 of 3 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 6:58 pm
From: John Nagle

sjdevnull@yahoo.com wrote:
> On Feb 18, 2:58 pm, John Nagle <na...@animats.com> wrote:
>> Multiple processes are not the answer. That means loading multiple
>> copies of the same code into different areas of memory. The cache
>> miss rate goes up accordingly.
>
> A decent OS will use copy-on-write with forked processes, which should
> carry through to the cache for the code.

That doesn't help much if you're using the subprocess module. The
C code of the interpreter is shared, but all the code generated from
Python is not.

This will get even worse when Unladen Swallow starts generating vast
swaths of unshared x86 instructions.

John Nagle

== 3 of 3 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 7:46 pm
From: Paul Rubin

John Nagle <nagle@animats.com> writes:
>> A decent OS will use copy-on-write with forked processes, which should
>> carry through to the cache for the code.
>
> That doesn't help much if you're using the subprocess module. The
> C code of the interpreter is shared, but all the code generated from
> Python is not.

Emacs in days of yore used a hack called "unexec" to bring its Lisp code
into the pure text segment. I think it's not used any more because
machines are now big enough that the benefits aren't that great.
Basically in the Emacs build process, you'd start up the C portion of
Emacs, then tell it to load all its Lisp code, then call "unexec".
Unexec basically performed a core dump of the process, then ran
something that manipulated the original Emacs image and the core dump
into a new executable that had the static Lisp code and data now marked
as part of the (immutable) program area. Unexec necessarily had
platform dependencies, but this was managed with a bunch of ifdefs in a
reasonably clean and maintainable way. I could imagine doing something
similar with a large Python program.

==============================================================================
TOPIC: Is there a way to continue after an exception ?
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/fb2935470a8055cf?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 3 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 6:17 pm
From: Lie Ryan

On 02/21/10 12:02, Stef Mientki wrote:
> On 21-02-2010 01:21, Lie Ryan wrote:
>>> On Sun, Feb 21, 2010 at 12:52 AM, Stef Mientki
<stef.mientki@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>
>>>> hello,
>>>>
>>>> I would like my program to continue on the next line after an uncaught
>>>> exception,
>>>> is that possible ?
>>>>
>>>> thanks
>>>> Stef Mientki
>>>>
>>>>
>> That reminds me of VB's "On Error Resume Next"
>>
> I think that's what I'm after ...

First, read this:
http://www.developerfusion.com/code/4325/on-error-resume-next-considered-harmful/

> I already redirected sys.excepthook to my own function,
> but now I need a way to get to continue the code on the next line.
> Is that possible ?

No, not in python. You can (ab)use generators' yield to resume
execution, but not in the general case:

def on_error_resume_next(func):
def _func(*args, **kwargs):
gen = func(*args, **kwargs)
resp = next(gen)
while isinstance(resp, Exception):
print 'an error happened, ignoring...'
resp = next(gen)
return resp
return _func

@on_error_resume_next
def add_ten_error_if_zero(args):
if args == 0:
# raise Exception()
yield Exception()
# return args + 10
yield args + 10

print add_ten_error_if_zero(0)
print add_ten_error_if_zero(10)

A slightly better approach is to retry calling the function again, but
as you can see, it's not appropriate for certain cases:

def retry_on_error(func):
def _func(*args, **kwargs):
while True:
try:
ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
except Exception:
print 'An error happened, retrying...'
else:
return ret
return _func

@retry_on_error
def add_ten_error_if_zero(args):
if args == 0:
raise Exception()
return args + 10

print add_ten_error_if_zero(0)
print add_ten_error_if_zero(10)

A much better approach is to use callbacks, the callbacks determines
whether to raise an exception or continue execution:

def handler(e):
if datetime.datetime.now() >= datetime.datetime(2012, 12, 21):
raise Exception('The world has ended')
# else: ignore, it's fine

def add_ten_error_if_zero(args, handler):
if args == 0:
handler(args)
return args + 10

print add_ten_error_if_zero(0, handler)
print add_ten_error_if_zero(10, handler)
print add_ten_error_if_zero(0, lambda e: None) # always succeeds

Ignoring arbitrary error is against the The Zen of Python "Errors should
never pass silently."; not that it is ever a good idea to ignore
arbitrary error, when an exception happens often the function is in an
indeterminate state, and continuing blindly could easily cause havocs.

== 2 of 3 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 6:43 pm
From: "ssteinerX@gmail.com"

On Feb 20, 2010, at 9:17 PM, Lie Ryan wrote:

> On 02/21/10 12:02, Stef Mientki wrote:
>> On 21-02-2010 01:21, Lie Ryan wrote:
>>>> On Sun, Feb 21, 2010 at 12:52 AM, Stef Mientki
> <stef.mientki@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> hello,
>>>>>
>>>>> I would like my program to continue on the next line after an uncaught
>>>>> exception,
>>>>> is that possible ?
>>>>>
>>>>> thanks
>>>>> Stef Mientki
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>> That reminds me of VB's "On Error Resume Next"
>>>
>> I think that's what I'm after ...
>
> First, read this:
> http://www.developerfusion.com/code/4325/on-error-resume-next-considered-harmful/

The link goes to an "Oh dear. Gremlins at work!" page.

They're probably using On Error Resume Next in their VBScript code and this is the "last resort" page ;-).

S

== 3 of 3 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 6:51 pm
From: Ryan Kelly

On Sun, 2010-02-21 at 13:17 +1100, Lie Ryan wrote:
> On 02/21/10 12:02, Stef Mientki wrote:
> > On 21-02-2010 01:21, Lie Ryan wrote:
> >>> On Sun, Feb 21, 2010 at 12:52 AM, Stef Mientki
> <stef.mientki@gmail.com> wrote:
> >>>
> >>>> hello,
> >>>>
> >>>> I would like my program to continue on the next line after an uncaught
> >>>> exception,
> >>>> is that possible ?
> >>>>
> >>>> thanks
> >>>> Stef Mientki
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >> That reminds me of VB's "On Error Resume Next"
> >>
> > I think that's what I'm after ...
>
> A much better approach is to use callbacks, the callbacks determines
> whether to raise an exception or continue execution:
>
> def handler(e):
> if datetime.datetime.now() >= datetime.datetime(2012, 12, 21):
> raise Exception('The world has ended')
> # else: ignore, it's fine
>
> def add_ten_error_if_zero(args, handler):
> if args == 0:
> handler(args)
> return args + 10
>
> print add_ten_error_if_zero(0, handler)
> print add_ten_error_if_zero(10, handler)
> print add_ten_error_if_zero(0, lambda e: None) # always succeeds

Or if you don't like having to explicitly manage callbacks, you can try
the "withrestart" module:

http://pypi.python.org/pypi/withrestart/

It tries to pinch some of the good ideas from Common Lisp's
error-handling system.

from withrestart import *

def add_ten_error_if_zero(n):
# This gives calling code the option to ignore
# the error, or raise a different one.
with restarts(skip,raise_error):
if n == 0:
raise ValueError
return n + 10

# This will raise ValueError
print add_ten_error_if_zero(0)

# This will print 10
with Handler(ValueError,"skip"):
print add_ten_error_if_zero(0)

# This will exit the python interpreter
with Handler(ValueError,"raise_error",SystemExit):
print add_ten_error_if_zero(0)

Cheers,

Ryan

--
Ryan Kelly
http://www.rfk.id.au | This message is digitally signed. Please visit
ryan@rfk.id.au | http://www.rfk.id.au/ramblings/gpg/ for details

==============================================================================
TOPIC: lists of variables
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/2d2d019695d2e6b2?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 6 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 7:25 pm
From: Michael Pardee

I'm relatively new to python and I was very surprised by the following behavior:

>>> a=1
>>> b=2
>>> mylist=[a,b]
>>> print mylist
[1, 2]
>>> a=3
>>> print mylist
[1, 2]

Whoah! Are python lists only for literals? Nope:

>>> c={}
>>> d={}
>>> mydlist=[c,d]
>>> print mydlist
[{}, {}]
>>> c['x']=1
>>> print mydlist
[{'x': 1}, {}]

So it looks like variables in a list are stored as object references.
This seems to confirm that:

mydlist[1]['y']=4
>>> print mydlist
[{}, {'y': 4}]

So I figure my initial example doesn't work because if you assign a
literal to something it is changing the object. But modifying a list
or dict (as long as you don't re-construct it) does not change the
object.

I can think of some ways to work around this, including using single
element lists as "pointers":

>>> aa=[1]
>>> bb=[2]
>>> myplist=[aa,bb]
>>> print myplist
[[1], [2]]
>>> aa[0]=3
>>> print myplist
[[3], [2]]

But what would be "the python way" to accomplish "list of variables"
functionality?

== 2 of 6 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 7:34 pm
From: Chris Rebert

On Sat, Feb 20, 2010 at 7:25 PM, Michael Pardee
<python-list@open-sense.com> wrote:
> I'm relatively new to python and I was very surprised by the following behavior:
>
>>>> a=1
>>>> b=2
>>>> mylist=[a,b]
>>>> print mylist
> [1, 2]
>>>> a=3
>>>> print mylist
> [1, 2]
>
> Whoah!  Are python lists only for literals?  Nope:
>
>>>> c={}
>>>> d={}
>>>> mydlist=[c,d]
>>>> print mydlist
> [{}, {}]
>>>> c['x']=1
>>>> print mydlist
> [{'x': 1}, {}]
>
> So it looks like variables in a list are stored as object references.
> This seems to confirm that:
>
> mydlist[1]['y']=4
>>>> print mydlist
> [{}, {'y': 4}]
>
> So I figure my initial example doesn't work because if you assign a
> literal to something it is changing the object.  But modifying a list
> or dict (as long as you don't re-construct it) does not change the
> object.

Correct. If you want more gory details, read
http://effbot.org/zone/call-by-object.htm

> I can think of some ways to work around this, including using single
> element lists as "pointers":
>
>>>> aa=[1]
>>>> bb=[2]
>>>> myplist=[aa,bb]
>>>> print myplist
> [[1], [2]]
>>>> aa[0]=3
>>>> print myplist
> [[3], [2]]
>
>
> But what would be "the python way" to accomplish "list of variables"
> functionality?

What do you need that functionality for exactly? It's a rather low-level notion.

Cheers,
Chris
--
http://blog.rebertia.com

== 3 of 6 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 8:09 pm
From: Ben Finney

Michael Pardee <python-list@open-sense.com> writes:

> But what would be "the python way" to accomplish "list of variables"
> functionality?

You'll need to explain what "list of variables" functionality is.

If you mean "collection of name-to-value mappings", the native mapping
type in Python is 'dict'. If that doesn't meet your needs, you'll need
to be more specific about what behaviour you want.

--
\ "Most people don't realize that large pieces of coral, which |
`\ have been painted brown and attached to the skull by common |
_o__) wood screws, can make a child look like a deer." —Jack Handey |
Ben Finney

== 4 of 6 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 8:21 pm
From: Steven D'Aprano

On Sat, 20 Feb 2010 21:25:19 -0600, Michael Pardee wrote:

> I'm relatively new to python and I was very surprised by the following
> behavior:
[snip]

I don't see why. It's fairly unusual behaviour to want, and it would be
surprising if you did this:

def test():
x = 1
mylist = [2, 4, x]
function(mylist)
assert x == 1

and the assertion failed, even though you never passed x to the function.
Such behaviour could easily turn into a never-ending source of bugs.

> So it looks like variables in a list are stored as object references.

Python doesn't store variables in lists, it stores objects, always.

Even Python variables aren't variables *grin*, although it's really
difficult to avoid using the term. Python variables are mappings between
names (strings) and objects, not memory locations.

> So I figure my initial example doesn't work because if you assign a
> literal to something it is changing the object. But modifying a list or
> dict (as long as you don't re-construct it) does not change the object.

Yes, we talk about name binding (and rebinding) versus mutation. A simple
example:

>>> alist = blist = [] # bind two names to the same list object
>>> alist.append(1) # mutate the list (modify in place)
>>> blist
[1]

>>> alist = alist + [2] # a rebinding operation
>>> blist
[1]
>>> alist
[1, 2]

> I can think of some ways to work around this, including using single
> element lists as "pointers":

Yes, that's a standard way to do it, except that by "standard" I mean
"really really really rare, honestly, hardly anyone does that".

Slightly less rare, but still uncommon, is to wrap objects in an instance:

class Record:
pass

o = Record()
o.x = 1
o.y = 2
modify(o)
print o.x, o.y

Of course you can make the class as fancy, or as simple, as you want.

But a better approach is to take advantage of Python's ability to return
multiple values:

x = 1
y = 2
x, y = modify(x, y)

rather than:

x = 1
y = 2
modify([x, y])

Speaking as an old Pascal coder, you won't miss pass-by-reference very
often.

--
Steven

== 5 of 6 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 9:25 pm
From: Jonathan Gardner

On Sat, Feb 20, 2010 at 7:25 PM, Michael Pardee
<python-list@open-sense.com> wrote:
>
> But what would be "the python way" to accomplish "list of variables"
> functionality?
>

You're looking for namespaces, AKA dicts.

>>> vars = {}
>>> vars['a'] = 1
>>> vars['b'] = 2
>>> mylist = ['a', 'b']
>>> print [vars[i] for i in mylist] # Here's your dereference
[1,2]
>>> vars['a'] = 3
>>> print [vars[i] for i in mylist]
[3,2]

--
Jonathan Gardner
jgardner@jonathangardner.net

== 6 of 6 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 10:31 pm
From: Carl Banks

On Feb 20, 7:25 pm, Michael Pardee <python-l...@open-sense.com> wrote:
> I'm relatively new to python and I was very surprised by the following behavior:
>
> >>> a=1
> >>> b=2
> >>> mylist=[a,b]
> >>> print mylist
> [1, 2]
> >>> a=3
> >>> print mylist
>
> [1, 2]
>
> Whoah!  Are python lists only for literals?  Nope:
>
> >>> c={}
> >>> d={}
> >>> mydlist=[c,d]
> >>> print mydlist
> [{}, {}]
> >>> c['x']=1
> >>> print mydlist
>
> [{'x': 1}, {}]
>
> So it looks like variables in a list are stored as object references.
> This seems to confirm that:
>
> mydlist[1]['y']=4>>> print mydlist
>
> [{}, {'y': 4}]
>
> So I figure my initial example doesn't work because if you assign a
> literal to something it is changing the object.  But modifying a list
> or dict (as long as you don't re-construct it) does not change the
> object.

All correct, very observant for a Python newbie.

To be more

immutable

> I can think of some ways to work around this, including using single
> element lists as "pointers":
>
> >>> aa=[1]
> >>> bb=[2]
> >>> myplist=[aa,bb]
> >>> print myplist
> [[1], [2]]
> >>> aa[0]=3
> >>> print myplist
>
> [[3], [2]]
>
> But what would be "the python way" to accomplish "list of variables"
> functionality?

Python doesn't have variable references (except in a limited way; see
below), so unless you want to use lists as pointers, I'd recommend
rethinking the problem. Occasionally I feel like I'd like to be able
to do this, but usually another way exists that is, at worst, slightly
more complex.

For some cases the easiest thing is to make all the variables you're
interested in listing attributes of an object (or values of a dict).
Then store a list of names (or keys).

class X(object): pass
x = X()
x.foo = 1
x.bar = 2
s = ["foo","bar"]
setattr(x,s[0],3)
print x.foo # prints 3

A rule of thumb in deciding whether to use attributes is whether you
will typically know their names in your code ahead of time; if so
storing the values as attributes is a good idea. If you are inputing
or calculating the names, then it's better to use a dict.

** The one place where Python does have references is when accessing
variables in an enclosing scope (not counting module-level). But
these references aren't objects, so you can't store them in a list, so
it can't help you:

def f():
s = []
a = 1
def g():
print a
s.append(a)
g() # prints 1
a = 2
g() # prints 2: g's a is a reference to f's a
print s # prints [1,2] not [2,2]

Carl Banks

==============================================================================
TOPIC: instructor's solutions manual for Differential Equations & Linear
Algebra 3rd ed by C. Henry Edwards & David E. Penney
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/9eab6f5c8d7c8926?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 1 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 9:08 pm
From: Mark Rain

I have the comprehensive instructor's solutions manuals in an
electronic format for the following textbooks. They include full
solutions to all the problems in the text, but please DO NOT POST
HERE, instead send me email including title and edition of the
solutions manual u need.
NOTE: This service is NOT free
My email: markrainsun( at )gmail( dot )com
Here are some from my list ...

solutions manual to A First Course in Differential Equations (7th
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solutions manual to A First Course in Abstract Algebra (7th Ed., John
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solutions manual to Applied Fluid Mechanics (6th Ed., Mott)
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solutions manual to Applied Partial Differential Equations (4th Ed.,
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solutions manual to Applied Partial Differential Equations by J. David
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solutions manual to Applied Quantum Mechanics ( A. F. J. Levi )
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solutions manual to Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers
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solutions manual to Applied Strength of Materials (4th Ed., Mott)
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solutions manual to Auditing and Assurance Services, 12th edition,
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solutions manual to Basic Electromagnetics with Applications by
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solutions manual to Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis, 8th Edition by
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solutions manual to Basic Probability Theory by Robert B. Ash
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solutions manual to Bioprocess Engineering Principles (Pauline M.
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solutions manual to Business Statistics - Decision Making 7th E by
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solutions manual to C++ How to Program 3rd edition - Deitel
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solutions manual to Calculus - Early Transcendentals, 7E, by Anton,
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solutions manual to Calculus - Late Transcendentals Single Variable,
8th Ed by Anton, Bivens, Davis
solutions manual to Calculus (9th Ed., Dale Varberg, Edwin Purcell &
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solutions manual to Calculus 2nd edition-M. Spivak
solutions manual to Calculus A Complete Course 6th Edition by by R.A.
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solutions manual to CALCULUS An Intuitive and Physical Approach 2nd ed
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solutions manual to Calculus and its Applications (11th Ed., Larry J
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solutions manual to Calculus by Gilbert Strang
solutions manual to Calculus early transcendentals 8th Ed, by Anton
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solutions manual to Calculus Early Transcendentals, 5th Edition, JAMES
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solutions manual to Calculus George Thomas 10th ed Vol 1
solutions manual to Calculus of Variations MA 4311 LECTURE NOTES
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solutions manual to Calculus One & Several Variables 8e by S Salas
solutions manual to Calculus Vol 2 by Apostol
solutions manual to Calculus With Analytic Geometry 4th ( Henry
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solutions manual to Calculus with Applications 8 Edition by Lial,
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solutions manual to Calculus, 4th edition stewart
solutions manual to Calculus, An Applied Approach, 7E, by Larson
solutions manual to Calculus, Single and Multivariable, 4E.,Vol 1& Vol
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solutions manual to Calculus, Single Variable, 3E by Hughes-
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solutions manual to Chemical and Engineering Thermodynamics 3Ed by
Stanley I. Sandler
solutions manual to Chemical Engineering Design (Coulson &
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solutions manual to Chemical Engineering Volume 1, 6th Edition, by
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solutions manual to Chip Design for Submicron VLSI CMOS Layout and
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solutions manual to Cisco Technical Solution Series IP Telephony
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solutions manual to Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems, 5th
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solutions manual to Classical Dynamics, A Contemporary Approach (Jorge
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solutions manual to Classical Electrodynamics by John David Jackson
solutions manual to Classical Mechanics (Douglas Gregory)
solutions manual to Classical Mechanics 2nd Ed by Goldstein
solutions manual to CMOS Analog Circuit Design, 2ed by Phillip E.
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solutions manual to CMOS- Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation,
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solutions manual to Communication Networks, 2e, Alberto Leon-Garcia,
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solutions manual to Communication Systems (4th Ed., Simon Haykin)
solutions manual to Communication Systems An Introduction to Signals
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solutions manual to Complex Variables with Applications, 3rd ED by
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solutions manual to Computational Techniques for Fluid Dynamics
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solutions manual to Computer Networking A Top-Down Approach Featuring
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solutions manual to Continuum Electromechanics by James R. Melcher
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solutions manual to Convex Analysis and Optimization Dimitri P.
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solutions manual to Corporate Finance, 7E, by Ross
solutions manual to Cost Accounting-A Managerial Emphasis 13th Ed by
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solutions manual to Data Structures with Java by John R. Hubbard,
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solutions manual to Database System Concepts 5th ED by Silberschatz,
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solutions manual to Design of Reinforced Concrete, 8th Ed by McCormac,
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solutions manual to Differential Equations with Boundary Value
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solutions manual to Digital Communications Fundamentals and
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solutions manual to Digital Fundamentals ( 9th Ed., Thomas L. Floyd)
solutions manual to Digital Image Processing, 2e, by Gonzalez, Woods
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solutions manual to Dynamics of Mechanical Systems by C. T. F. Ross
solutions manual to Econometric Analysis, 5E, by Greene
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solutions manual to Econometrics of Financial Markets, by Adamek,
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solutions manual to Econometrics: A Modern Introduction (Michael P.
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solutions manual to Electric Circuits (7th Ed., James W Nilsson &
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solutions manual to Electric Circuits (8th Ed., James W Nilsson &
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solutions manual to Electric Machinery Fundamentals (4th Ed., Chapman)
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solutions manual to Electric Machines By D. P. Kothari, I. J. Nagrath
solutions manual to Electrical Engineering Principles and Applications
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solutions manual to Electromagnetics Problem Solver (Problem Solvers)
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solutions manual to Electromagnetism. Principles and Applications by
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solutions manual to Elementary Statistics Using The Graphing
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solutions manual to Elementary Statistics Using the Graphing
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solutions manual to Elements of Information Theory - M. Cover, Joy A.
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solutions manual to Engineering Electromagnetics 6E by William H. Hayt
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solutions manual to Engineering Fluid Mechanics - 8th Ed by Crowe,
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solutions manual to Engineering Fluid Mechanics 7th Ed by Crowe and
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solutions manual to Engineering Materials Science, by Milton Ohring
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solutions manual to Engineering Mechanics - Dynamics, 5th Ed (J. L.
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solutions manual to Engineering Mechanics - Dynamics, 6th Ed (J. L.
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solutions manual to Engineering Mechanics - Statics (11th Edition) by
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solutions manual to Engineering Mechanics - Statics, 4th Ed (J. L.
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solutions manual to Engineering Mechanics Dynamic (10th Edition)
hibbeler
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solutions manual to Engineering Mechanics Dynamics, Bedford & Fowler,
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solutions manual to Engineering Mechanics Dynamics, by R. C. Hibbeler,
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solutions manual to Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems (4th Ed.,
Franklin, Powell & Emami-Naeini)
solutions manual to Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems (5th Ed.,
Franklin, Powell & Emami-Naeini)
solutions manual to Field and Wave Electromagnetics 2nd Ed by David K.
Cheng
solutions manual to Financial Accounting 6th Ed by Harrison
solutions manual to Financial Management- Theory and Practice 12 th ED
by Brigham, Ehrhardt
solutions manual to Finite Element Techniques in Structural Mechanics
Ross
solutions manual to First Course in Probability (7th Ed., Sheldon
Ross)
solutions manual to Fluid Mechanics (5th Ed., White)
solutions manual to Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of
Turbomachinery (5th Ed., S.L. Dixon)
solutions manual to Fluid Mechanics by CENGEL
solutions manual to Fluid Mechanics Egon Krause
solutions manual to Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals and Applications by
Çengel & Cimbala
solutions manual to Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications,
10th Edition, by Finnemore
solutions manual to Foundations of Colloid Science 2e , Hunter
solutions manual to Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory by John R.
Reitz, Frederick J. Milford
solutions manual to Fourier and Laplace Transform - Antwoorden
solutions manual to Fractal Geometry Mathematical Foundations and
Applications, 2nd Ed Kenneth Falcone
solutions manual to fracture mechanics ; fundamentals and
applications, 2E, by T.L. Anderson
solutions manual to From Polymers to Plastics By A.K. van der Vegt
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Aerodynamics ( 3 Ed., Anderson)
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Aerodynamics (2 Ed., Anderson)
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics (5th Ed.,
Fawwaz T. Ulaby)
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Chemical Reaction Engineering by
Davis
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Complex Analysis ( 3rd Ed., E.
Saff & Arthur Snider )
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Computer Organization and
Architecture by Abd-El-Barr, El-Rewini
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Corporate Finance 8th edition by
Ross
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Corporate Finance 9th edition by
Ross
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, 4th Edition
(Brealey, Myers, Marcus)
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Differential Equations 7E Kent
Nagle, B. Saff, Snider
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Digital Logic with VHDL Design
(1st Ed., Stephen Brown Vranesic)
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Electric Circuits (2nd.ed.) by
C.K.Alexander M.N.O.Sadiku
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Electric Circuits (4E., Charles
Alexander & Matthew Sadiku)
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Electromagnetics with Engineering
Applications (Stuart Wentworth)
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Electronic Circuit Design , Comer
solutions manual to FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING ELECTROMAGNETICS, by
DAVID CHENG
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 6th Ed
(Michael J. Moran, Howard N. Shapiro)
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 7th Ed
(Michael J. Moran, Howard N. Shapiro)
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Financial Management 12th edition
James C. Van Horne, Wachowicz
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics 5th Ed Munson
Young Okiishi
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 4E (Bruce R.
Munson, Donald F. Young, Theodore H.)
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer - 5th
Edition F.P. Incropera D.P. DeWitt
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer (4th Ed.,
Incropera, DeWitt)
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer (6th Ed.,
Incropera, DeWitt)
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Logic Design, 5th Ed., by Charles
Roth
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Machine Component Design (3rd Ed.,
Juvinall)
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Manufacturing 2nd Edition by
Philip D. Rufe
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering-
An Integrated Approach, 3rd Ed by Callister
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials,
Processes, and Systems (2nd Ed., Mikell P. Groover)
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer,
5th Ed by Welty,Wilson
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 5E, by T. W.
Graham Solomons
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Physics (7th Ed., David Halliday,
Robert Resnick & Jearl Walker)
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Physics, 8th Edition Halliday,
Resnick, Walker
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Power Semiconductor Devices By
Jayant Baliga
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Probability, with Stochastic
Processes (3rd Ed., Saeed Ghahramani)
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics (C.L. Tang)
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Semiconductor Devices, 1st Edition
by Anderson
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Signals and Systems Using the Web
and Matlab (3rd Ed., Kamen & Bonnie S Heck)
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Solid-State Electronics by Chih-
Tang Sah
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences, 2nd Ed. by
Cengel
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Thermodynamics 5th Ed by Sonntag,
Borgnakke and Van Wylen
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Thermodynamics 6th Ed by Sonntag,
Borgnakke & Van Wylen
solutions manual to Fundamentals of Wireless Communication by Tse and
Viswanath
solutions manual to Gas Dynamics (3rd Ed., John & Keith)
solutions manual to General Chemistry 9 Edition by Ebbings, Gammon
solutions manual to General Chemistry, 8th Edition by Ralph H.
Petrucci; William S. Harwood; Geoffrey Herring
solutions manual to Geometry - A High School Course by S. Lang and G.
Murrow
solutions manual to Geometry and Discrete Mathematics Addison Wesley
solutions manual to Guide to Energy Management, 6th Edition by Klaus
Dieter E. Pawlik
solutions manual to Guide to Energy Management, Fifth Edition, Klaus-
Dieter E. Pawlik
solutions manual to HARCOURT MATHEMATICS 12 Advanced Functions and
Introductory Calculus
solutions manual to Harcourt Mathematics 12 Geometry and Discrete
Mathematics
solutions manual to Heat and Mass Transfer: A Practical Approach (3rd.
Ed., Cengel)
solutions manual to Heat Transfer A Practical Approach ,Yunus A.
Cengel 2d ed
solutions manual to Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Analysis
and Design, 6th Edition McQuiston, Parker, Spitler
solutions manual to History of Mathematics: Brief Version (Victor J.
Katz)
solutions manual to Hydraulics in Civil and Environmental Engineering
4 E by Chadwick , Morfett
solutions manual to Industrial Organization Theory & Applications by
Shy
solutions manual to Intermediate Accounting Kieso 12th ed
solutions manual to Introduction to Algorithms, 2nd Ed by Cormen,
Leiserson
solutions manual to Introduction To Analysis (3rdEd) -by William Wade
solutions manual to Introduction to Chemical Engineering
Thermodynamics (7th Ed., Smith & Van Ness)
solutions manual to Introduction to Commutative Algebra by M. F.
Atiyah
solutions manual to Introduction to Digital Signal Processing (in
Serbian) by Lj. Milic and Z. Dobrosavljevic
solutions manual to Introduction to Econometrics (2nd ed., James H.
Stock & Mark W. Watson)
solutions manual to Introduction to Electric Circuits 7th Edition by
Dorf, Svaboda
solutions manual to Introduction to Electric Circuits, 6E, Dorf
solutions manual to Introduction to Electrodynamics (3rd Ed., David J.
Griffiths)
solutions manual to Introduction to Elementary Particles 2nd Ed by
David Griffiths
solutions manual to Introduction to Environmental Engineering and
Science (3rd Ed., Gilbert M. Masters & Wendell P. Ela)
solutions manual to Introduction to Environmental Engineering and
Science, Edition 2, Masters
solutions manual to Introduction to Ergonomics 2E by Robert Bridger
solutions manual to Introduction to Fluid Mechanics (6E., Robert Fox,
Alan McDonald & Philip)
solutions manual to Introduction to fluid mechanics 5th edition by
Alan T. McDonald, Robert W Fox
solutions manual to Introduction to Graph Theory 2E - West
solutions manual to Introduction to Heat Transfer by Vedat S. Arpaci,
Ahmet Selamet, Shu-Hsin Kao
solutions manual to Introduction to Linear Algebra, 3rd Ed., by
Gilbert Strang
solutions manual to Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers
(6th Ed., Shackelford)
solutions manual to Introduction to Mathematical Statistics (6th Ed.,
Hogg, Craig & McKean)
solutions manual to Introduction to Operations Research - 7th ed by
Frederick Hillier, Gerald Lieberman
solutions manual to Introduction to Probability 2nd Ed by Bertsekas
and Tsitsiklis
solutions manual to Introduction to Probability by Dimitri P.
Bertsekas and John N. Tsitsiklis
solutions manual to Introduction to Probability by Grinstead, Snell
solutions manual to Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd Ed., David
J. Griffiths)
solutions manual to Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 1st edition
(1995) by David J. Griffiths
solutions manual to Introduction to Queueing Theory 2nd Edition by
R.B. Cooper
solutions manual to Introduction to Scientific Computation and
Programming, 1st Edition by Daniel Kaplan
solutions manual to Introduction to Solid State Physics 8th Ed by
Kittel & Charles
solutions manual to Introduction to Statistical Physics by Kerson
Huang
solutions manual to Introduction to Statistical Quality Control (5th
Ed., Douglas C. Montgomery)
solutions manual to Introduction to the Theory of Computation by Ching
Law
solutions manual to Introduction to Thermal and Fluids Engineering by
Kaminski, Jensen
solutions manual to Introduction to Thermal Systems Engineering Moran
Shapiro Munson
solutions manual to Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, by John
P. Uyemura
solutions manual to Introduction to Wireless Systems by P.M Shankar
solutions manual to Introductory Econometrics A Modern Approach, 3Ed
by Jeffrey Wooldridge
solutions manual to Introductory Quantum Optics (Christopher Gerry &
Peter Knight)
solutions manual to Introdution to Solid State Physics, 8th Edition by
Kittel
solutions manual to Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management 7th
Edition by Frank K. et al. Reilly
solutions manual to Journey into Mathematics An Introduction to
Proofs ,Joseph Rotman
solutions manual to Kinematics, Dynamics, and Design of Machinery, 2nd
Ed., Waldron & Kinzel
solutions manual to Kinetics of Catalytic Reactions by M. Albert
Vannice
solutions manual to Laser Fundamentals (2nd Ed., William T. Silfvast)
solutions manual to Lectures on Corporate Finance 2006, 2 Ed by
Bossaerts, Oedegaard
solutions manual to Linear Algebra - 2 Ed - Poole
solutions manual to Linear Algebra and Its Applications 3rd ed by
David C. Lay
solutions manual to Linear Algebra Done Right, 2nd Ed by Sheldon Axler
solutions manual to Linear Algebra with Applications (6th Ed., S.
Leon)
solutions manual to Linear Algebra With Applications, 2nd Edition by
W. Keith Nicholson
solutions manual to Linear Algebra, 4th Ed, by Stephen H. Friedberg ,
Arnold J. Insel , Lawrence E. Spence
solutions manual to Linear Algebra, by J. Hefferon
solutions manual to Linear Circuit Analysis Time Domain, Phasor and
Laplace.., 2nd Ed, Lin
solutions manual to Linear dynamic systems and signals by Zoran Gajic
solutions manual to Linear Systems And Signals, 1stE, B P Lathi
solutions manual to Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals, 2E, by
Morris Mano and Charles Kime
solutions manual to Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals, 3d edition
by Morris Mano and Charles Kime
solutions manual to Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals, 4/E, by
Morris Mano and Charles Kime
solutions manual to Machine Design : An Integrated Approach (3rd Ed.,
Norton)
solutions manual to Managing Business Process Flows: Principles of
Operations Management(2nd Ed., Anupind, Chopra, Deshmukh, et al)
solutions manual to Managing Engineering and Technology (4th, Morse &
Babcock)
solutions manual to Manufacturing Processes for Engineering Materials
(5th Ed. Kalpakjian & Smith)
solutions manual to Materials and Processes in Manufacturing (9th Ed.,
E. Paul DeGarmo, J. T. Black,Kohser)
solutions manual to Materials Science and Engineering- An Introduction
( 7th Ed., William D. Callister, Jr.)
solutions manual to Materials Science and Engineering- An Introduction
(6th Ed., William D. Callister, Jr.)
solutions manual to Mathematical Analysis, Second Edition by Tom M.
Apostol
solutions manual to Mathematical Methods for Physicists 5 Ed, Arfken
solutions manual to Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering,
(3rd Ed., Riley,Hobson)
solutions manual to Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences; 3
edition by Mary L. Boas
solutions manual to Mathematical Models in Biology An Introduction
(Elizabeth S. Allman & John A. Rhodes)
solutions manual to Mathematical Techniques 4th ED by D W Jordan & P
Smith
solutions manual to Mathematics for Economists, by Carl P. Simon ,
Lawrence E. Blume
solutions manual to Mathematics for Physicists by Susan Lea
solutions manual to Matrix Analysis and Applied Linear Algebra by
Meyer
solutions manual to Mechanical Engineering Design 8th Ed by Shigley &
Budynas
solutions manual to Mechanical Engineering Design, 7th Ed. by Mischke,
Shigley
solutions manual to Mechanical Measurements (6th Ed., Beckwith,
Marangoni & Lienhard)
solutions manual to Mechanical Vibrations (3rd Ed., Rao)
solutions manual to Mechanics of Aircraft Structures, 2nd Ed by Sun
solutions manual to Mechanics of Fluids (8th Ed., Massey)
solutions manual to Mechanics of Fluids 3rd ED Vol 1 by Merle C.
Potter
solutions manual to Mechanics of Materials 5 edition by James M. Gere
solutions manual to Mechanics of Materials (6th Ed., Riley, Sturges &
Morris)
solutions manual to Mechanics Of Materials Beer Johnston 3rd
solutions manual to Mechanics of Materials, 6E, by Russell C. Hibbeler
solutions manual to Mechanics of Materials, 6th Edition - James M.
Gere & Barry Goodno
solutions manual to Mechanics of Materials, 7E, by Russell C. Hibbeler
solutions manual to Mechanics of Materials, 7th Edition - James M.
Gere & Barry Goodno
solutions manual to mechanics of solids by C. T. F. Ross
solutions manual to Mechanism Design Analysis and Synthesis (4th
Edition) by Erdman, Sandor, Kota
solutions manual to MEMS and Microsystems Design, Manufacture and
Nanoscale Engineering 2nd ED by Tai-Ran Hsu
solutions manual to Microeconomic Analysis, 3rd Ed., by H. Varian
solutions manual to Microeconomic Theory by Segal Tadelis Hara Chiaka
Hara Steve Tadelis
solutions manual to Microeconomic Theory, by Mas-Colell, Whinston,
Green
solutions manual to Microelectronic Circuit Analysis and Design, 3rd
Edition, by D. Neamen
solutions manual to Microelectronic Circuit Design (3rd Ed., Richard
Jaeger & Travis Blalock)
solutions manual to Microelectronic Circuits By Adel Sedra 5th
Edition
solutions manual to Microelectronic Circuits, 4th Ed. by Sedra and
Smith
solutions manual to Microelectronic Circuits, 5th Ed. by Sedra and
Smith
solutions manual to Microelectronics Digital and Analog Circuits and
Systems by Millman
solutions manual to Microelectronics I & II by Dr.Chang
solutions manual to Microelectronics,Solution MANUAL,5thEd,MAZ
solutions manual to Microprocessors and Interfacing, Revised 2nd
Edition by Douglas V Hall
solutions manual to Microwave and Rf Design of Wireless Systems, 1st
Edition, by Pozar
solutions manual to Microwave Engineering, 2nd Ed., by David M. Pozar
solutions manual to Microwave Engineering, 3rd Ed., by David M. Pozar
solutions manual to Microwave Transistor Amplifiers Analysis and
Design, 2nd Ed., by Guillermo Gonzalez
solutions manual to Mobile Communications 2nd ed by Jochen Schiller
solutions manual to Modern Control Engineering 3rd Ed. - K. OGATA
solutions manual to Modern Control Engineering 4th Ed. - K. OGATA
solutions manual to Modern Control Systems 11E by Richard C Dorf and
Robert H. Bishop
solutions manual to Modern Control Systems 9 E by Richard C Dorf and
Robert H. Bishop
solutions manual to Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems,
3rd Ed., by Lathi
solutions manual to Modern Digital Electronics,3E by R P JAIN
solutions manual to Modern Digital Signal Processing-Roberto Cristi
solutions manual to MODERN OPERATING SYSTEMS 2nd ed A.S.TANENBAUM
solutions manual to Modern Organic Synthesis An Introduction by George
Zweifel, Michael Nantz
solutions manual to Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers 3rd E
by Thornton and Rex
solutions manual to Modern Quantum Mechanics (Revised Edition) by J.
J. Sakurai
solutions manual to Modern Thermodynamics - From Heat Engines to
Dissipative Structures by Kondepudi, Prigogine
solutions manual to Multivariable Calculus, 4th Edition, JAMES STEWART
solutions manual to Multivariable Calculus, 5th Edition, JAMES STEWART
solutions manual to Multivariable Calculus, Applications and Theory by
Kenneth Kuttler
solutions manual to Nanoengineering of Structural, Functional and
Smart Materials, Mark J. Schulz, Ajit D. Kelkar
solutions manual to Network Flows: Theory, Algorithms, and
Applications by Ravindra K. Ahuja , Thomas L. Magnanti , James B.
Orlin
solutions manual to Neural networks and learning machines 3rd edition
by Simon S. Haykin
solutions manual to Nonlinear Programming ,2ndEdition , Dimitri
P.Bertsekas
solutions manual to Numerical Methods for Engineers (3rd Ed. Steven C.
Chapra)
solutions manual to Numerical Methods for Engineers (5th Ed. Steven C.
Chapra)
solutions manual to Numerical Methods Using MATLAB (3rd Edition)by
John H. Mathews & Fink
solutions manual to Numerical Solution of Partial Differential
Equations- An Introduction (2nd Ed., K. W. Morton &D)
solutions manual to Operating System Concepts, 6E, Silberschatz,
Galvin, Gagne
solutions manual to Operating System Concepts, 7E, Silberschatz,
Galvin, Gagne
solutions manual to Operating systems Internals and Design principles
4th Edition Stallings
solutions manual to Operating systems Internals and Design principles
5th Edition Stallings
solutions manual to Operations Management 5th Ed by Nigel Slack,
Chambers, Johnston
solutions manual to Optics 4th Edition by Hecht E., Coffey M., Dolan P
solutions manual to Optimal Control Theory An Introduction By Donald
E. Kirk
solutions manual to Optimal State Estimation Dan Simon
solutions manual to Options, Futures and Other Derivatives, 4E, by
John Hull
solutions manual to Options, Futures and Other Derivatives, 5E, by
John Hull
solutions manual to ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS by Adkins,
Davidson
solutions manual to Organic Chemistry - Clayden et.al.
solutions manual to Organic Chemistry 2nd Edition by Hornback
solutions manual to Organic Chemistry 7ed, McMurry
solutions manual to Organic Chemistry, 4E., by Carey, Atkins
solutions manual to Organic Chemistry, 5E., by Carey, Atkins
solutions manual to Parallel & Distributed Computation Numerical
Methods by Bertsekas & Tsitsiklis
solutions manual to Parallel Programming: Techniques and Applications
Using Networked Workstations and Parallel Computers (2nd Ed., Barry
Wilkinson & Michael Allen)
solutions manual to Physical Chemistry (7E, Peter Atkins & Julio de
Paula)
solutions manual to Physics - Concept and Connections - Book Two by
Brian Heimbecker, Igor Nowikow, et al
solutions manual to Physics - Concept and Connections -by Brian
Heimbecker, Igor Nowikow, et al
solutions manual to Physics , Fifth Edition, Volume One (Halliday,
Resnick, Krane)
solutions manual to Physics for Scientist and Engineers, 5E, by
Tipler, Mosca
solutions manual to Physics For Scientists & Engineers 5th Ed
(vol.I,vol.II) by Serway & Beichner
solutions manual to Physics For Scientists & Engineers Vol.1& 2 3rd
Ed. by Serway & Jewett
solutions manual to Physics For Scientists & Engineers Vol.1& 2 4th
Ed. by Serway & Jewett
solutions manual to Physics For Scientists & Engineers Vol.I 6th Ed.
by Serway & Jewett
solutions manual to Physics For Scientists & Engineers Vol.II 6th Ed.
by Serway & Jewett
solutions manual to Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern
Physics (3rd Edition) by Douglas C. Giancoli
solutions manual to Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 1st E by
Knight
solutions manual to Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 2/E by
Knight
solutions manual to Physics, 2nd Ed James S. Walker
solutions manual to Physics, 5th Edition, Vol 1 by Halliday, Resnick,
Krane
solutions manual to Physics, 5th Edition, Vol 2 by Halliday, Resnick,
Krane
solutions manual to Physics: Principles with Applications with
Mastering Physics, 6/E, Douglas C. Giancoli
solutions manual to Power Electronics Converters, Applications and
Design 2nd ED by Mohan, Robbins
solutions manual to Power Electronics Converters, Applications, and
Design 3rd ed By Ned Mohan, Tore M. Undeland, William P. Robbins
solutions manual to Power System Analysis and Design, 3 E., by Glover,
Sarma
solutions manual to Power System Analysis and Design,4E., by Glover,
Sarma
solutions manual to Power System Analysis,John J. Grainger William D.
Stevenson
solutions manual to Power Systems Analysis - 2nd Edition by Hadi
Saadat
solutions manual to POWER SYSTEMS ANALYSIS by HADI SAADAT
solutions manual to Principles and Applications of Electrical
EngineeringG. Rizzoni
solutions manual to Principles of Communications- Systems, Modulation,
and Noise (5th Ed.,Ziemer & W.H. Tranter)
solutions manual to Principles of Digital Communication and coding by
Andrew J. Viterbi and Jim K. Omura
solutions manual to Principles of Dynamics 2nd ED, Donald T. Greenwood
solutions manual to Principles of Electronic Materials and Devices 2ed
by Safa O. Kasap
solutions manual to Principles of Geotechnical Engineering 6th edition
by Braja M. Das
solutions manual to Principles of Neurocomputing for Science and
Engineering, Fredric M. Ham,Ivica Kostanic
solutions manual to Probability & Statistics for Engineers &
Scientists (8th Ed., Walpole,Myers, Ye)
solutions manual to Probability and Random Processes for Electrical
Engineering by Alberto Leon-Garcia
solutions manual to Probability and Statistical Inference (7th Ed.,
Hogg & Tanis)
solutions manual to Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the
Sciences, 6th Ed., by Jay L. Devore
solutions manual to Probability and Statistics for Engineers 7 Ed
Johnson Miller Freund
solutions manual to Probability and Statistics in Engineering (4th
Ed., Hines, Montgomery, Goldsman & Borror)
solutions manual to Probability and Stochastic Processes 2E, by Roy D.
Yates , David J. Goodman
solutions manual to Probability Concepts in Engineering Emphasis on
Applications to Civil and Environmental Engineering 2nd ED by Alfredo
Ang and Wilson Tang
solutions manual to Probability For Risk Management, Hassett, Stewart
solutions manual to Probability Random Variables, and Stochastic
Processes, 4th Ed., by Papoulis, Pillai
solutions manual to Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic
Processes, 3rd Edition Athanasios Papoulis
solutions manual to Probability, Statistics, and Random Processes for
Engineers, Richard H. Williams
solutions manual to Problems and Solutions on Electromagnetism by Lim
Yung-Kuo
solutions manual to Problems in general physics by I. E Irodov
solutions manual to Problems in General Physics vol.I & vol.II Irodov
solutions manual to Process Control Instrumentation Technology, 8 ed
by Curtis D. Johnson
solutions manual to Process Dynamics and Control 2nd ED by Seborg,
Edgar and Mellichamp
solutions manual to Programmable Logic Controllers (James A. Rehg,
Glenn J. Sartori)
solutions manual to Psychology and Life by Gerrig & Zimbardo ,16th
edition
solutions manual to Quantitative Methods for Management by PINNEY,
McWILLIAMS, ORMSBY, ATCHISON
solutions manual to Quantum Field Theory Mark Srednicki
solutions manual to Quantum Mechanics - B. Brinne
solutions manual to Quantum Mechanics: An Accessible Introduction
(Robert Scherrer)
solutions manual to Quantum Physics, 3rd Edition, by Stephen
Gasiorowicz
solutions manual to Quantum theory of light 3 Ed by Rodney Loudon
solutions manual to Real Analysis 1st Edition by H. L. Royden
solutions manual to Recursive Methods in Economic Dynamics, (2002) by
Irigoyen, Rossi- Hansberg, Wright
solutions manual to Reinforced Concrete: Mechanics and Design (5th
Ed., James G. MacGregor & James K. Wight)
solutions manual to RF Circuit Design: Theory & Applications, by
Bretchko, Ludwig
solutions manual to Satellite Communications 2nd Ed By Timothy Pratt,
Charles W. Bostian
solutions manual to Scientific Computing with Case Studies by Dianne
P. O'Leary
solutions manual to Semiconductor Device Fundamentals by Pierret
solutions manual to SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES Physics and Technology 2nd
Ed by SZE
solutions manual to Semiconductor Physics and Applications by
Balkanski, Wallis
solutions manual to Semiconductor Physics and Devices (3rd Ed., Donald
A. Neamen)
solutions manual to Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design (8th Ed.,
Budynas)
solutions manual to Signal Processing and Linear Systems by Lathi
solutions manual to Signal Processing by Mclellan, Schafer & Yoder
solutions manual to Signals and Systems 2e by Haykin & B Van Veen
solutions manual to Signals and Systems Analysis of Signals Through
Linear Systems by M.J. Roberts, M.J. Roberts
solutions manual to Signals and Systems, 2nd Edition, Oppenheim,
Willsky, Hamid, Nawab
solutions manual to Signals and Systems: Analysis Using Transform
Methods and MATLAB, 1st Ed., by M. J. Roberts
solutions manual to Signals, Systems & Transforms 4 ED by Phillips,
Parr & Riskin
solutions manual to Single Variable Calculus Early Transcendentals,
4th Edition, JAMES STEWART
solutions manual to Single Variable Calculus Early Transcendentals,
5th Edition, JAMES STEWART
solutions manual to Skill - Assessment Exercises to Accompany Control
Systems Engineering 3rd edt. by Norman S. Nise
solutions manual to Soil Mechanics 7th ed by R. F. Craig
solutions manual to Soil Mechanics Concepts and Applications, 2nd Ed.,
by Powrie
solutions manual to Solid State Electronic Devices (6th Ed., Ben
Streetman, Sanjay Banerjee)
solutions manual to Solid State Electronics 5th ed by Ben Streetman,
Sanjay Banerjee
solutions manual to Solid State Physics by Ashcroft & Mermin
solutions manual to Solving ODEs with MATLAB (L. F. Shampine, I.
Gladwell & S. Thompson)
solutions manual to Special Relativity (P.M. Schwarz & J.H. Schwarz)
solutions manual to Statics and Mechanics of Materials by Bedford,
Fowler, Liechti
solutions manual to Statics and Mechanics of Materials, 2/E., By
Russell C. Hibbeler
solutions manual to Statistical Digital Signal Processing and
Modeling ,Monson H. Hayes
solutions manual to Statistical Inference 2e by Casella G., Berger
R.L. and Santana
solutions manual to Statistical Inference, Second Edition Casella-
Berger
solutions manual to Statistics and Finance - An Introduction by David
Ruppert
solutions manual to Statistics for Business and Economics 8 ED by
Anderson, Sweeney
solutions manual to Statistics for Business and Economics 9 ED by
Anderson, Sweeney
solutions manual to Steel Design, 4th Edition Segui
solutions manual to Stochastic Processes An Introduction by Peter W
Jones and Peter Smith
solutions manual to Strength of Materials 4th Ed. by Ferdinand L.
Singer & Andrew Pytel
solutions manual to Structural Analysis (5th Edition) by R.C.
Hibbeler
solutions manual to Structural Analysis (7th Edition) by R.C.
Hibbeler
solutions manual to Structural analysis 3rd Edition Aslam Kassimali
solutions manual to Structural and Stress Analysis (2nd Ed., Megson)
solutions manual to System Dynamics 3rd Ed. by Katsuhiko Ogata
solutions manual to System Dynamics and Response, S. Graham Kelly
solutions manual to Techniques of Problem Solving by Luis Fernandez
solutions manual to The 8051 Microcontroller 4th Ed. by I. Scott
MacKenzie and Raphael C.-W. Phan
solutions manual to THE 8088 & 8086 MICROPROCESSORS 4e by Triebel &
Singh
solutions manual to The Calculus 7ed by Louis Leithold
solutions manual to The Chemistry Maths Book 2nd ED by Erich Steiner
solutions manual to The Econometrics of Financial Markets, by Adamek,
Cambell, Lo, MacKinlay, Viceira
solutions manual to The Economics of Financial Markets by Roy E.
Bailey
solutions manual to The Elements of Statistics- With Applications to
Economics and the Social Sciences by Ramsey
solutions manual to The Environment by Greg Lewis
solutions manual to The Science and Engineering of Materials, 4E, by
Donald R.Askeland, Pradeep P. Phule
solutions manual to The Sciences- An Integrated Approach, 5th Ed by
Trefil, Hazen
solutions manual to The Structure and Interpretation of Signals and
Systems (Edward A. Lee & Pravin Varaiya)
solutions manual to The Theory of Interest 3rd ED by Stephen Kellison
solutions manual to Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements (4th
Ed, Figliola & Beasley)
solutions manual to Theory of Asset Pricing (George Pennacchi)
solutions manual to Thermal Physics, 2nd Edition, by Charles Kittel
solutions manual to Thermodynamics - An Engineering Approach, 2E Yunus
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solutions manual to Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach (5th Ed.,
Cengel)
solutions manual to Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach (6th Ed.,
Cengel)
solutions manual to Thomas' Calculus Early Transcendentals 10th ed
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solutions manual to Unsaturated Soil Mechanics by Lu and Likos ,Wiley
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solutions manual to VHDL for Engineers - International Edition by
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solutions manual to Wireless Communications (Andrea Goldsmith)
solutions manual to Wireless Communications Principles and Practice,
2nd Ed, by Rappaport

==============================================================================
TOPIC: Not sure why this is filling my sys memory
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/dc9841fd916a9ebe?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 1 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 9:34 pm
From: Jonathan Gardner

On Sat, Feb 20, 2010 at 5:53 PM, Vincent Davis <vincent@vincentdavis.net> wrote:
>> On Sat, Feb 20, 2010 at 6:44 PM, Jonathan Gardner <jgardner@jonathangardner.net> wrote:
>>
>> With this kind of data set, you should start looking at BDBs or
>> PostgreSQL to hold your data. While processing files this large is
>> possible, it isn't easy. Your time is better spent letting the DB
>> figure out how to arrange your data for you.
>
> I really do need all of it in at time, It is dna microarray data. Sure there are 230,00 rows but only 4 columns of small numbers. Would it help to make them float() ? I need to at some point. I know in numpy there is a way to set the type for the whole array "astype()" I think.
> What I don't get is that it show the size of the dict with all the data to have only 6424 bytes. What is using up all the memory?
>

Look into getting PostgreSQL to organize the data for you. It's much
easier to do processing properly with a database handle than a file
handle. You may also discover that writing functions in Python inside
of PostgreSQL can scale very well for whatever data needs you have.

--
Jonathan Gardner
jgardner@jonathangardner.net

==============================================================================
TOPIC: come and join www.pakdub.com a social network with full features like
games, classifieds, forums, blogs and a lot more
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/df20d96ac6449045?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 1 ==
Date: Sat, Feb 20 2010 10:32 pm
From: babu lohar

come and join www.pakdub.com a social network with full features like
games, classifieds, forums, blogs and a lot more

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