[Rails] Newby: General Application Design Question

Greetings,
I have a fairly simple [I hope] high level question:

What is the best approach for developing a rails application?

For example:
1. Requirement analysis with client
2. Design of web site [layout, css-slicing]
3. Coding
4. Testing

I know this sounds very simple, but I have really come to enjoy
scripting RoR applications for my work and office, but I cannot figure
out how professional application designers approach this very basic
need. Do you professional guys usually have a design and layout that
the customer likes before you code, or do you code an barebones
prototype first and make sure the customer is happy with functionality
before you do any design?

When you do decide to focus on design, do you do it yourself
[e.g.Photoshop images sent off for CSS slicing] or do you farm that
out to a professional web designer?

Thanks in advance.
Bruno

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